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Biopsychosocial and Eco-Spiritual Model (French Version) |
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Modèle biopsychosocial et écospirituel du Dr. Ani Kalayjian
Professeur à l’Université de Fordham
Le Programme d’aide psychologique développé par Ani Kalayjian utilise un modèle en sept étapes dans lequel divers aspects d’une exposition à un évènement traumatique sont évalués, identifiés, explorés, travaillés et réintégrés. Voici le Modèle biopsychologique et écospirituel en sept étapes :
I. Évaluer le niveau de stress post-traumatique
Un questionnaire écrit, l’échelle d’indice de réaction revu et utilisé par le Dr. Kalayjian lors de catastrophes précédentes est remis aux participants pour déterminer leur niveau symptômes post-traumatiques et/ou d’autres symptômes. Des questions ayant trait à la signification et à leur dessein dans l’existence ont également été ajoutées, suivant l’approche logothérapeuthique de Victor Frankl.
II. Encourager l’expression des sentiments
Un par un, chaque membre du groupe est invité à exprimer ses émotions reliées au désastre qu’ils ont vécu. Après des catastrophes naturelles ou créées par l’homme, les émotions qui prévalaient étaient celles du choc, de la peur, de l’incertitude face à l’avenir, des flashbacks, des comportements fuyants, la colère contre les auteurs ou les instigateurs, des troubles du sommeil et des cauchemars.
III. Valider et accueillir le témoignage avec empathie
Les leaders du groupe valident les émotions des survivants en disant « je comprends », ou « cela a du sens pour moi » et leur expliquent comment des survivants de la terre entière ont géré une situation similaire. Un toucher thérapeutique intentionnel, tel que prendre la main du survivant, peut également être utilisé. Ici, on donnera du poids au message que les sentiments de deuil, de peur, de colère ou de joie d’avoir survécu sont des réponses normales au désastre et doivent être exprimées. Lorsque le traumatisme casse le lient de l’individu avec le groupe, il peut se produire un sentiment intolérable d’isolation et de désarroi. Accueillir un tel groupe avec empathie et validation corrigera ces effets en rétablissant un échange mutuel entre les individus et le groupe.
IV. Encourager la découverte et l’expression de la signification
On demandera aux survivants : « Quelles leçons, quel enseignement, quelle association ou signification positive avez-vous découverts en conséquence de ce désastre? ». Cette question est basée sur les principes logothérapeutiques de Viktor Fankl qu’il peut y avoir une signification positive à découvrir dans toute catastrophe. De même que l’affirmation bouddhiste qu’il faut de l’obscurité pour retrouver la lumière. Encore une fois, les membres du groupe seront invités à penser aux forces et significations qui surgissent naturellement au cours d’une catastrophe. Quelques une des leçons positives apprises sont : les relations entre les personnels sont plus importantes que les biens matériels, l’importance d’évacuer le ressentiment, l’importance de travailler sur la colère et d’arriver au pardon, l’importance de prendre sa vie en main et le rassemblement des pays dans un projet de paix et de solidarité.
V. Fournir des informations didactiques
On donnera des informations pratiques et didactiques sur le retour chez soi ou au travail en utilisant le processus systématique de désensibilisation dont les modalités sont expliquées. Un support-papier sera donné aux enseignants et aux leaders potentiels du groupe sur la conduite d’évacuations en cas d’urgence et la création d’issues sans danger et accessibles. On donnera des livrets aux parents et aux enseignants sur l’attitude à adopter face aux cauchemars des enfants, les craintes et les comportements perturbateurs. On donnera des outils d’évaluation aux psychiatres et aux psychologues. Des supports-papier seront donnés sur le deuil et le travail à opérer sur soi-même en tant que personnel de secours.
VI. Travail écocentré
On donnera des outils pour se relier à Gaïa, la Terre notre Mère. Des discussions et des exercices ayant un lien avec l’environnement terrestre sont effectués. On partagera des manières de prendre soin de notre environnement tout en élargissant le spectre à la planète, en considérant la perspective du système, notre impact sur l’environnement et l’impact que l’environnement a sur nous. On mettra en commun une liste d’actes remplis de considération de manière à créer tous ensemble une terre vert émeraude.
VII. Effectuer des exercices de respiration et de mouvement
La respiration est utilisée comme moyen de guérison dans la médecine naturelle. Puisque personne ne contrôle la nature, autrui et ce qui se produit en dehors de soi, les survivants apprennent à contrôler leur réaction à la catastrophe. Ceci est une section expérimentale du modèle. On donnera des instructions aux survivants sur l’utilisation de la respiration afin de stimuler la maîtrise de soi et la force intérieure. On donnera des indications aux survivants sur l’évacuation de la peur, de l’incertitude et du ressentiment. De plus, les survivants ayant appris à utiliser la respiration afin de stimuler la force intérieure et la maîtrise de soi, mais aussi afin de générer la reconnaissance, la compassion, la foi et le pardon face aux catastrophes.
Dr. Kalayjian est un expert certifié en gestion du stress post-traumatique, le Président de l’Association d’aide post-traumatique et de prévention, un membre du Conseil d’administration du Comité des droits de l’homme, une ONG des Nations Unies, Directeur de la Division internationale du Comité pédagogique de l’Association américaine de psychologie, éditeur en chef de « Pardon et réconciliation : voies mentales vers la transformation des conflits et la construction de la paix » (Forgiveness&Reconciliation : Psychological pathways for conflict transformation and peacebuilding) et éditeur en chef du second volume de « Guérison émotionnelle » (Emotional healing). Pour plus d’information, vous pouvez contacter l’auteur par e-mail:
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, www.meaningfulworld.com. |
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Biopsychosocial and Eco-Spiritual Model |
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Biopsychosocial and Eco-Spiritual Model
By Dr. Ani Kalayjian
Professor of Psychology, Fordham University
The Meaningfulworld Humanitarian Outreach Program developed by Dr Ani Kalayjian utilizes the following seven-step model, through which various aspects of dispute, conflict or disagreements are assessed, identified, explored, processed, worked through and reintegrated. The seven-steps of the Biopsychosocial and Eco-Spiritual Model are:
I. Assess Levels of Distress, Disagreement or Conflict: Participants are given a written questionnaire to define the kind of dispute they are working on, and to elicit the impact of this dispute. Formal instruments can also be provided such as the Harvard Trauma Checklist and Heartland Forgiveness Scale.
II. Encourage Expression of Feelings: One at a time, each participant in the group is encouraged to describe the conflict from their own perspective, and to express their feelings in the 'here and now,' in relationship to the dispute they have identified and described.
III. Provide Empathy and Validation: Each participant’s feelings will be validated by the mediator or group facilitator. Emphasis is placed on understanding others and literally placing their feet in their opponent’s shoes. When disputes rupture an individual’s link with the group, an intolerable sense of isolation, helplessness and victimization may occur. Providing validation and empathy in such a group will transform these negative effects by reestablishing the mutual exchange between the individuals in conflict, with the others in the group witnessing this process.
IV. Encourage Discovery and Expression of Meaning: Participants will be asked “What lessons, meaning or positive associations did you discover as a result of this dispute?” This question is based on Viktor Frankl’s logotherapeutic principles: that there could be a positive meaning discovered in the worst catastrophe; there are lessons to be learned in the most difficult situations.
The facilitator will help opposing parties discover their own dark sides in order to transform those into lessons learned. As Dr King has asserted that only light can transform darkness. Participants will be invited to focus on individual and collective growth, strengths and meanings, which naturally arise out of any dispute or conflict. Forgiveness is also reinforced here as a tool for self care and letting go of resentments and anger, which only reinforce the conflict and dispute and serve to exacerbate the process of healing and peace making.
V. Provide Didactic Information: Practical tools and information are shared on how to gradually integrate the conflict resolution information provided and how to care for oneself as a caregiver/mediator. Also shared are information re-steps of practicing forgiveness and thus transforming the dispute. In addition, how violence begets more violence and transmits it through seven generations is explored. Information on assertiveness and anger management is also shared, as well as the UN Declaration for Human Rights.
VI. Eco Centered Caring: Practical tools are shared to connect with Gaia, Mother Earth and ways to care for one’s environment. Emphasis is placed on starting with one’s environment and expanding it to the larger globe, while still being mindful of the system’s perspective and how we can impact our environment and how the environment, in turn, impacts us.
VII. Body, Breathing and Movement-Centered Healing: Breath is used as a natural medicine and a healing tool. Since no one can control others and what happens outside of one’s self, participants are assisted in being mindful of how they can respond to the dispute instead of reacting to it. Participants are instructed on how to use breath towards self-empowerment, creating peace within, as well as to engender gratitude, compassion, faith, strength and forgiveness in response to conflicts.
Dr. Kalayjian is a Board Certified Expert in Traumatic Stress, the Founder and President of the Association for Trauma Outreach & Prevention (ATOP) of Meaningfulworld, Board Member of the Committee of Spirituality, Values, and Global Concerns (CSVGC-NY at UN), Chair of Mentoring Committee of the American Psychological Association’s International Division, author of Disaster & Mass Trauma, Chief Editor of Forgiveness: Pathways for conflict Transformation and Peace Building (Springer, 2010), and Chief Editor of II volumes on Mass Trauma & Emotional Healing Around the World: Rituals & Practices for Healing and Meaning-Making (Greenwood, 2009). For further information, kindly contact the author: Dr. Kalayjian at E-mail:
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, www.meaningfulworld.com. |
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Creative Relationships Encouraging Armenian-Turkish Exchange |
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C.R.E.A.T.E
Creative Relationships Encouraging Armenian-Turkish Exchange
A Curatorial Visual Arts Exhibition Project: Blind Date
Mission Statement
The mission of C.R.E.A.T.E. is to initiate and encourage Armenian and Turkish artists and cultural producers to come together in a creative environment to foster mutual recognition and understanding between their distanced people in order to overcome historical and political obstacles that prevent reconciliation and respect. Inspired by ongoing reconciliatory actions at several troubled regions of our globe, this project hopes to serve as a model to be replicated in attempts of carving peace in the future.
Project Organizer
C.R.E.A.T.E. is conceived and facilitated by a Steering Committee that comprises concerned individuals from different walks of life and various professional backgrounds who took upon themselves the task of re-engaging Armenian and Turkish communities both at home and abroad. Our guiding principle is the belief that the arts and the artists have a crucial role to play in the future relations between Armenian and Turkish communities. Although initial founders were Dr. Ani Kalayjian and Christopher Atamian, Dr Kalayjian and ATOP, with the support of AASSSG (Armenian American Society for Studies in Stress & Genocide) has continued the project.
Project Description
Just as the past may be imagined, written about and made into images, so can the future. Towards this end, the Steering Committee has adopted a curatorial visual arts exhibition project entitled C.R.E.A.T.E.: Creative Relationships Encouraging Armenian-Turkish Exchange.
C.R.E.A.T.E. aims to bring together established as well as emerging Turkish and Armenian artists to the American public in a visual arts exhibition. The co-curators will select the artists from the Republic of Armenia, Republic of Turkey and their respective communities living abroad. The exhibited artworks will be the outcome of deliberations and dialogues between the curators and the artists surrounding a range of issues from multiple perspectives. The visual arts exhibition, together with corresponding public outreach and educational programming, is the first such undertaking to address the topic in an international context.
Sponsoring Organization:
Association for Trauma Outreach and Prevention (ATOP) promotes the advancement of knowledge about the immediate and long-term human consequences of traumatic events and promotes effective methods of prevention, relief and restoration to those treating traumatized populations. This goal is accomplished through the recognition of achievement in the advancement of knowledge in the area and through dissemination of knowledge through discussion, education, training, networking, support of professionals, and collaboration with other trauma organizations in the area, and the use of knowledge transfer media. Since its founding in 1989, ATOP has conducted Mental Health Outreach Projects in over 25 countries; conducted Armenian-Turkish reconciliation groups for over a decade; invited Turkish and Armenian scholars to debate and process feelings; assisted war torn countries into health and rehabilitation; assisted post terrorism NYC communities into health and forgiveness; assist Lebanon post Israel and Hezbollah war; and most recently assisted Sierra Leone, West Africa and Haiti.
Project Details
Title of Exhibition: “Shot by Shot” Blind Date
Co-Curators: Defne Ayas and Neery Melkonian
Projected Date: November 2010, Pratt Institute
Project Venue:
We have approached various not-for-profit venues including university centers in New York City to host the exhibit. It is intended to travel to additional venues within the US and abroad. Preference will be given to institutions of higher education. Pratt Institute has agreed and we will have the first exhibit there in Nov 2010, with goals of following up in Istanbul, Yerevan and other countries and cities in the US.
Exhibition Description
Shot by Shot- is an interdisciplinary exhibition project that seeks answers to the question: Who are the “the others” in a quest for a self-identity in the 21st century?
Based on the premise that established beliefs and practices keep the transformation of contemporary Armenian and Turkish identities at bay the exhibition explores artistic production itself as a place where such processes are challenged. While revealing the contradictions between homogeneous and multiple identities Shot by Shot highlights the fluidity of creative capital through a number of artist positions and case studies [i].
Proposing that imagining new communities is contingent upon locating the interstices of the past-present experiences of distanced neighbors, topics under consideration include but are not limited to the following: notions of homeland/guestland; exile, displacement and diasporas; narratives of nation building and the rhetoric of state formation; migratory cultural geographies; railways, pipelines and commodities for exchange, and alternative routes for travel or rites of passage.
The curators’ selection will be based on artist proposals that are interdisciplinary in nature, connecting visual arts, performance, and new media to other fields including music, literature, cuisine, architecture/public space, science, religion, history etc.
Publication:
The exhibit will be accompanied by a full color publication including essays by the curators and leading cultural thinkers/critics as well as artist bios and an exhibition checklist.
Community Outreach:
In an attempt to build bridges between the two communities and the world at large a series of lectures, panel discussions, public education programs and workshops will be planned in cooperation with the host institution(s).
Steering Committee:
Contact persons and co-chair:
Dr. Ani Kalayjian
Mobile: (201) 723-9578
Home: (201) 941-2266
E-mail:
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Website: www.meaningfulworld.com
Co-chair
Dr. Kumru Toktamis is an adjunct professor of Cultural History at the Pratt Institute. She is sociologist and social historian with a background in human rights research and ethnic conflicts in the Middle East.
Dr. Ani Kalayjian is a Professor of Psychology at Fordham University, President of the Association for Trauma Outreach and Prevention, Board member of the United Nations NGO Committee on Human Rights, and has worked on reconciliation, conflict transformation, and peace building for over twenty years. She has conducted dialogue groups, workshops, and Mental Health Outreach programs in over 16 countries such as: Armenian, Argentina, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Mexico, Pakistan, Palestine, Puerto Rica, Sri Lanka, Syria, Turkey, as well as the US. Dr. Kalayjian has appeared on CNN, NBC, CBS, CNBC, NY1, MSNBC, CNN Turk, TRT (Turkish Radio and Television), Pakistan TV, Armenian TV, Japan TV, Korean TV, etc, and sited in the newspapers as well as appeared on radio interviews. She is the author of renowned book Disaster & Mass Trauma, is editing an International book on Forgiveness: Pathways for Conflict Resolution and Peace Building published by Springer Publishing in 2007, and editing a book on International Trauma Outreach & Prevention.
Defne Ayas is the Associate Curator at PERFORMA, and currently a lecturer on contemporary art at NYU-Shanghai. Prior to joining PERFORMA, Ayas worked as the Education and New Media Programs Coordinator at the New Museum where she co-organized numerous new media-related artist presentations, performances and exhibitions including Airborne, New Museum, NYC, 2005; Public Execution, Exit Art, NYC, 2004, and Is Democracy Fun?, White Box, NYC, 2004 (with Michele Thursz and Anne Ellegood). Her actions have been reviewed by publications including New York Times, Art in America, Frieze, and Time Out. Ayas completed De Appel Curatorial Program in Amsterdam, received her Masters from the Interactive Telecommunications Program at New York University, and is on the Advisory Board of CCA in Kabul.
Aramazt K. Kalayjian is a multi-faceted artist. He blurs the boundaries, simultaneously being a painter, designer and photographer. He recently received his BFA in Communications Design from Pratt Institute and has exhibited his works in such prestigious venues as the Puck Building, the Society of Illustrators, and Alwan for the Arts. Aramazt Kalayjian continues to create and exhibit his work and has interned as a graphic designer at the Guggenheim Museum. Currently he is working at the Liberty Science Museum in Jersey City
Karen Hakobyan is a musician, researcher and a human rights activist from Armenia. He is the president of Hujs (Hope), a human rights non-governmental organization (NGO) promoting a culture of participatory democracy for over 13 years. “Hujs” initiates public discussions, demonstrations, press conferences, and advocacy campaigns to bring attention to human rights issues. Karen has used his expertise to participate in policy making at government level (National Assembly and Government) in Armenia and international organizations such as UNDP Armenia and USAID. He worked with several NGOs in Armenia, and in the Caucasus. He is the author of a manual for trainers on “advocacy for public policy making” published for NGOs in Armenia. He was invited to New York by the International Center for Tolerance Education to implement a project for human rights protection of soldiers experiencing brutality in the Armenian army. Within this year he had several public presentations and talks in New York related to contemporary issues in politics and art. Recently his work concerning new-colonization and conflicts in Caucasus was a part of the book called “Recipes for an Encounter” published by Western Front (Canada).
Neery Melkonian is an independent critic and curator based in New York City. As Associate Director of the Center for Curatorial Studies Museum at Bard College, and the Director of Visual Arts programming at the Center for Contemporary Arts in Santa Fe, Melkonian has organized over twenty solo exhibitions and two traveling group-exhibits. She has contributed reviews/interviews to publications such as Afterimage, AIM, Al-Jadid, Art Papers and ARARAT. She has talked on topics related to aesthetics of displacement, globalization and trans-cultural geographies.
Harry Alan Milian is a community activist, an Armenian folk dancer, a choir member, and a chef written up in the New York Times. Milian grew up in Paris and graduated from Pace University in International business with expertise in the supply chain of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. He is the Vice President of the Armenian American Society for Studies on Stress & Genocide, and involved in aspects of Armenian community.
Kaan Nazli is a coordinator at the Moon and Stars Project, a New York-based 501c3 organization dedicated to highlight Turkish arts and culture and establish bridges between Turkey and the United States. Growing out of MayFest, a month-long festival first started in May 1999, the Moon and Stars Project is now an organization that presents year-round programs including the annual New York Turkish Film Festival, which has reached its eight year this month. Kaan Nazli is also a director for emerging markets at Medley Global Advisors, a policy research and advisory firm, and has written in the past for the Financial Times, National Interest, Caspian Investor, Russia/Eurasia Executive Guide, Turkish Policy Quarterly and EurasiaNet. Currently a Ph.D. candidate in Government/Russian and Eurasian Studies at Georgetown University, he holds an MA in Political Economy from New York University.
Joyce Reilly was born in New York City in the 1950's, and grew up in a multi-lingual, ethnically diverse environment that fostered a love for language and a celebration of difference. Trained as a psychotherapist and Waldorf School Curative teacher and administrator, Joyce founded Gheel House, a therapeutic community in Pennsylvania now celebrating its 22nd anniversary. Joyce has been involved in the international alternatives movement in mental health, and in recent years has been a Masters Degree candidate at the School for International Training in Brattleboro Vermont and a Doctoral candidate at Drew University in Holocaust/Genocide Studies. Joyce has done extensive volunteering, serving on the boards of the House of Peace, a refugee center north of Boston, for thirteen years as their mental health consultant; and the Drew University Holocaust / Genocide Study Center, where she is their representative to the New Jersey Responds to the Crisis in Darfur Coalition and is a state-wide coordinator. Joyce is currently working with One by One, an association of the children of Holocaust survivors and Nazi perpetrators and bystanders, and preparing for their 2006 International Conference in NYC.
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